PREPOSITIONS

 

*Prepositions*

A word that is used before a noun and showing relation with other word of the sentence.

Example: He has gone to college by bus.

Preposition is used before noun/pronoun (or its variants: noun - pronoun - gerund - Noun Phrase - Noun clause)

- Noun. Eg: The cat ran under the car.

- Pronoun - Eg: Ali sits beside me.

- Gerund - Eg: He's interested in cooking.

- Noun Phrase - He lives in a brand new house.

- Noun clause - The page is about how a student can succeed.

Note: If a sentence doesn't have Noun or Noun Variants, then there is no Prepositions.

*Quiz (Preposition vs Adverb)*

1. He went in? Adverb.

2. I like to eat fish. (to + first form infinitive (of verb) make it infinitive.

3. She is in the class. (Noun) (Preposition)

Location vs Direction

- *Location*

    - Surface: on

        - on the table - on the wall

    - Enclosed area: IN

        - IN the room = In the ground

        - In the field. In- the bed

        - Exception: In the chair with no arms

        - The chairs/chair with no arms

        - Point: At

            - At the station At bus stop At college

- *Directions*

    1. on/ on to

        - on: when you are on surface

        - onto- Movement to a surface & onto

            - I am going onto the stage

            - on. Not changing the position

                -Iam on the stage

    2. Into: Dynamic (changing position)

        - He is jumping into the pool.

        - In - Not changing the position-

            - He is in the pool.

            - I am in the room.

            - I am going in to the room. & Inter Exception:

           For word - Enter- (In to) not used. I am entering the room.

3. Movement to a destination

Toward / to

Toward = Direction

He is running towards your house.

To: destination

He is going to school.

Prepositions of Time

I was awake at home on the Christmas eve in winter.

At: point time

At night

Clock - At 7 o'clock

Holidays - At Eid

Exception - At Eid day / on Sunday

Events = At the weekends. In

Point time - on

Days

on Sunday -

Dates = on 7th June

Particular days - on Eid day / on Eid day

IN

Part of the day - in the morning / evening

Month = in June

Years = in 2011

Decades = IN 1990s

Seasons = in winter

Extended Time

During = 

They kept watching movie during the night.

since = from a particular time in past until late time or until now

He has been studying since 2001

FOR is used to show amount of time

Ali has been my friend for two years 

from - to - used to show the time when something starts - to end.

I work from 9am to 2pm.

with in given time.

He will visit Paris with in a month.

By - Not later than or before.

I will return your debt by tomorrow.

Quiz

1. He went to Dubai ,_ 16/12/2012

2. I met him_ Christmas.

3. He gave gift _my birthday.

4. He will dance_ farewell party.

5. He was born _ summer.

Spatial Relations

Tw0 noun or noun variants relation with each other.

He is walking along the road.

Limits = with circular boundary.

The earth is revolves around the sun.

Along = "Parallel with boundary"

He was walking along the highway.

Along - means with the track & wall.

Within = inside the boundary.

I am running within the circle.

Relative Movements

Against = collision of two opposite forces.

Pakistan is playing against Bangladesh.

Cars are moving against each other.

Across

Surface: Across the bridge / Across the road.

Through:

Enclosed: Through the bus / Through the field / tunnel.

Out of = out of the closed surface.

The fish fell out of the plan.