1. Applied Literature
Definition: Literature that is written with a specific external purpose or function, such as scientific or historical writing. Its main aim is not artistic expression but to serve knowledge, morality, or information.
Key Point: The author's purpose must be ignored to appreciate its literary value.
Examples:
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Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species: Primarily a scientific work explaining evolution, but admired for its style and clarity.
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Edward Gibbon’s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: A historical work valued for its literary elegance despite its factual purpose.
🔹 2. Pure Literature
Definition: Literature created for its own sake, without any external goal like teaching or informing. The only purpose is artistic expression.
Key Point: The author’s purpose is part of the appreciation—it's about expressing life experience as it is, for enjoyment.
Examples:
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Poetry by Wordsworth: Pure literature because it's driven by emotion and imagination, not by the intent to inform.
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Novels by Virginia Woolf or James Joyce: Pure literature that reflects internal experience and stream of consciousness.
🔹 3. Expression
Definition: The act of converting inner experience into words or symbols.
Key Point: Expression is central to literature. Without expression, literature doesn’t exist.
Example:
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A poem that expresses sorrow after losing a loved one—this emotion is expressed through imagery and language.
🔹 4. Experience
Definition: The content or substance of literature—the emotional, intellectual, or imaginative moments lived or imagined by the writer.
Types of Experience:
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Intellectual: Ideas, reflections, or philosophy (e.g., Camus' The Stranger).
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Emotional: Feelings and moods (e.g., Keats’ Ode to a Nightingale).
Key Point: In pure literature, experience is valuable in itself—not meant to be turned into a lesson or utility.
🔹 5. Communication
Definition: The process by which the writer transmits his personal experience to the reader.
Key Point: The writer must recreate the same experience in the reader's mind that he had himself.
Challenge: Experience is personal and unique, making it hard to fully communicate.
🔹 6. Imagination
Definition: The creative power that enables the writer to shape experience and present it so vividly that the reader can feel it too.
Key Point: The writer uses imagination to transform real or imagined events into art.
Example:
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A fantasy novel like The Hobbit uses imagination to create entire worlds, yet still conveys relatable human experiences (courage, fear, growth).
🔹 7. Symbolic Language
Definition: The use of words as symbols to represent deeper meanings or experiences.
Key Point: Language must be translated by the reader’s imagination to evoke similar experience.
Example:
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“A host of golden daffodils” in Wordsworth’s poem represents joy, beauty, and peace beyond just flowers.
🔹 8. Artistic Skill / Sense of Language
Definition: The writer’s ability to choose the right words, structure, and tone so that the experience is communicated effectively.
Key Point: This distinguishes a literary artist from others.
Example:
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Shakespeare’s use of metaphors and rhythm shows a deep “sense of language” that makes his plays timeless.
🔹 9. Summary of the Process of Literary Creation
| Stage | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Experience | Writer goes through something intellectually or emotionally. |
| Imagination | Writer shapes this experience creatively. |
| Expression | Writer uses symbolic language to express it. |
| Communication | Reader reads, imagines, and feels the experience. |
🔹 10. Conclusion
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Pure literature = experience + expression + imagination + communication.
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The writer is like a bridge between life and the reader.
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Literature is valuable when it lets the reader live another life, even briefly.
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